Neuroimmunologists specialize in autoimmune diseases that affect the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves — collectively known as the central nervous system (CNS). These complex conditions often require long-term care, advanced diagnostics, and individualized treatment plans.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
MS is the most common neuroimmunologic disease, impacting nearly 1 million people in the U.S. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerves, causing inflammation, neurologic symptoms, and progressive disability.
MOG Antibody Disease (MOGAD)
MOGAD is another rare autoimmune condition that causes CNS inflammation. It often mimics MS or NMOSD but involves a different antibody (MOG) and requires unique diagnostic and treatment approaches. It affects an estimated 17,000 people in the U.S.
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)
A rare autoimmune disease that primarily targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. While it can resemble MS, NMOSD is a distinct condition with different biomarkers and treatment strategies. Around 25,000 Americans live with NMOSD.
Autoimmune & Paraneoplastic Encephalitis
This group of disorders causes brain inflammation, often leading to symptoms like confusion, seizures, and changes in behavior or memory. Some types are autoimmune, while others are triggered by cancer (paraneoplastic). A well-known example is anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
Other Rare Autoimmune Conditions
Neuroimmunologists also care for patients with less common autoimmune diseases that impact the CNS, including:
WHAT WE TREAT
Neurosarcoidosis
CNS vasculitis
Behçet’s Disease
Lupus
IgG4-Related Disease
Sjögren’s Syndrome
These are just some examples. Neuroimmunologists may also treat a range of other rare autoimmune or neuroinflammatory conditions affecting the central nervous system.
These conditions are often complex and require multidisciplinary care and close monitoring.